What is dead-heading a pump?

A dead-head is caused when a centrifugal pump operates with no flow through the pump due to a closed discharge valve or blockage in the line. The pump is forced to circulate the pumped medium, causing the temperature to continually rise. As the fluid churns inside the pump it heats into a vapor. Once a vapor is created, any bushings or mechanical seals in the pump heat to the point that they begin to crack, shatter, score or compromise the elastomers - killing the pump.

When a centrifugal pump is dead-heading, it can lead to explosions, due to the energy being put into the liquid in the pump. Hydraulic overpressure and possible chemical reactions in the pump can also be caused by the overexertion of pressure.

The same results can be caused by running the pump dry for an extended period - which can lead to cavitation.

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